ʻO Silicon a me ka oxygen nā mea ʻelua i hoʻolaha nui ʻia ma ka ʻili o ka Honua. Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka SiO2, hui pū lākou e hana i nā minelala silicate nui loa i loaʻa i loko o ka ʻili. Aia ma mua o 800 mau minelala silicate i ʻike ʻia, e helu ana ma kahi o hoʻokahi hapakolu o nā ʻano minelala i ʻike ʻia. I ka hui pū ʻana, hana lākou ma kahi o 85% o ka ʻili o ka Honua a me ka lithosphere ma ke kaumaha. ʻAʻole wale kēia mau minelala nā ʻāpana mua o nā pōhaku igneous, sedimentary, a me metamorphic akā lawelawe pū kekahi ma ke ʻano he kumu no nā ʻole metala a me nā ʻole metala kakaikahi. ʻO nā laʻana e komo pū me ka quartz, feldspar, kaolinite, illite, bentonite, talc, mica, asbestos, wollastonite, pyroxene, amphibole, kyanite, garnet, zircon, diatomite, serpentine, peridotite, andalusite, biotite, a me muscovite.
1. Feldspar
◆Nā Waiwai Kino: He mineral i hoʻolaha nui ʻia ʻo Feldspar ma ka Honua. Ua kapa ʻia ka feldspar waiwai i ka potassium he potassium feldspar. ʻO Orthoclase, microcline, a me albite nā laʻana o nā mineral potassium feldspar. Hōʻike ʻo Feldspar i ke kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi a kūpaʻa i nā waikawa, paʻakikī ke palaho. Loaʻa ka paʻakikī mai 5.5 a 6.5, ka nui mai 2.55 a 2.75, a me ke kiko heheʻe mai 1185 a 1490.°C. Loaʻa pinepine ia me ka quartz, muscovite, biotite, sillimanite, garnet, a me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka magnetite, ilmenite, a me ka tantalite.
◆Nā Hoʻohana: Hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke aniani, nā mea maka seramika, nā glazes seramika, nā mea maka enamel, ka mea hoʻoulu potassium, a me nā pōhaku hoʻonaninani a me nā momi makamae semi-makamae.
◆Nā ʻAno Koho: Kohi lima, hoʻokaʻawale magnetic, lana ʻana.
◆Ka Hana ʻana a me ka Hana ʻana: Loaʻa i nā gneisses a i ʻole nā pōhaku metamorphic gneissic; loaʻa kekahi mau aa koko i loko o nā kino pōhaku granite a mafic paha a i ʻole ko lākou mau wahi pili. Hoʻopili nui ʻia i nā massifs pegmatitic feldspar a i ʻole nā pegmatites feldspar hoʻokahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia.
2. Kaolinite
◆Nā ʻAno Kino: He keʻokeʻo ke kaolinite maʻemaʻe akā pinepine ʻia he ʻulaʻula māmā, melemele, uliuli, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a hina paha ma muli o nā haumia. He 2.61 a 2.68 kona nui a ʻo ka paʻakikī mai 2 a 3. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Kaolinite i ka hana ʻana i nā keramika o kēlā me kēia lā a me nā ʻoihana, nā mea paʻakikī, ka hana pepa, ke kūkulu ʻana, nā uhi ʻana, ka laholio, nā plastik, nā lole, a ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopihapiha a i ʻole ka pigment keʻokeʻo.
◆Nā Hoʻohana: Hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana o nā keramika o kēlā me kēia lā a me nā ʻoihana ʻoihana, nā mea paʻa ʻole, ka hana pepa, ke kūkulu ʻana, nā uhi ʻana, ka laholio, nā plastik, nā lole, a ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopiha a i ʻole ka pigment keʻokeʻo.
◆Nā ʻAno Koho: Ka hoʻokaʻawale magnetic maloʻo a pulu, ka hoʻokaʻawale umekaumaha, ka calcination, ka hoʻokeʻokeʻo kemika.
◆Ka Hana ʻia a me ka Hanana: Hoʻokumu nui ʻia mai nā pōhaku igneous a me metamorphic waiwai i ka silica-alumina, i hoʻololi ʻia e ka wā a i ʻole ka hoʻololi hydrothermal haʻahaʻa.
3. Mika
◆Nā ʻAno Kino: He keʻokeʻo pinepine ka Mica, me nā aka o ka melemele māmā, ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā, a i ʻole ka hina māmā. He ʻōlinolino aniani kona, e like me ka momi ma nā ʻili ʻokiʻoki, a he mau pepa lahilahi palupalu akā ʻaʻole elastic. Loaʻa ka paʻakikī mai 1 a 2 a ʻo ka nui mai 2.65 a 2.90. Loaʻa ka hoʻohana ʻana o Mica i nā mea refractory, keramika, porcelain uila, nā ipu hoʻoheheʻe, fiberglass, rubber, hana pepa, pigments, lāʻau lapaʻau, mea hoʻonani, plastics, a ma ke ʻano he mea kōkua no ke kālai kiʻi maikaʻi.
◆Nā Hoʻohana: Hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea kūpaʻa ʻole, nā keramika, ka porcelain uila, nā ipu hoʻoheheʻe, ka fiberglass, ka laholio, ka hana pepa, nā pigments, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā mea hoʻonani, nā plastics, a ma ke ʻano he mea kōkua no ke kālai kiʻi maikaʻi.
◆Nā ʻAno Koho: Kohi lima, hoʻokaʻawale electrostatic, hoʻokaʻawale magnetic.
◆Ka Hana ʻana a me ka Hanana: Hoʻopuka nui ʻia e ka hoʻololi hydrothermal o nā pōhaku pele waikawa waena a me nā tuffs, i loaʻa pū i nā schists crystalline waiwai i ka alumini a me kekahi mau veins quartz hydrothermal haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
4. Talc
◆Nā ʻAno Kino: ʻAʻohe kala o ka talc maʻemaʻe akā ʻike pinepine ʻia he melemele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻeleʻele, a poni paha ma muli o nā haumia. He ʻōlinolino aniani kona a he paʻakikī o 1 ma ka unahi Mohs. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Talc ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopiha i nā ʻoihana hana pepa a me ka laholio a ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokeʻokeʻo i ka ʻoihana lole. Loaʻa iā ia nā noi i loko o nā keramika, nā pena, nā uhi, nā plastik, a me nā mea hoʻonani.
◆Nā Hoʻohana: Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopiha i nā ʻoihana hana pepa a me ka laholio, ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokeʻokeʻo i ka ʻoihana lole, a i loko o nā keramika, nā pena, nā uhi, nā plastik, a me nā mea hoʻonani.
◆Nā ʻAno Koho: Kohi lima, hoʻokaʻawale electrostatic, hoʻokaʻawale magnetic, hoʻokaʻawale optical, lana ʻana, holoi ʻana.
◆ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana a me ka hanana: Hoʻokumu nui ʻia e ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka hydrothermal a me ka metamorphism, e pili pinepine ana me ka magnesite, serpentine, dolomite, a me ka talc schist.
5. Muscovite
◆Nā ʻAno Kino: ʻO Muscovite kahi ʻano mineral mika, ʻike pinepine ʻia i ke keʻokeʻo, hina, melemele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a ʻeleʻele paha. He ʻōlinolino aniani kona me nā ʻili ʻokiʻoki e like me ka momi. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Muscovite no nā mea kinai ahi, nā koʻokoʻo wili, nā palakiko, nā mea hoʻokaʻawale uila, ka hana pepa, ka pepa asphalt, ka laholio, nā pigments momi, nā palakiko, nā pena, a me ka laholio ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopiha hana.
◆Nā Hoʻohana: Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau mea kinai ahi, nā koʻokoʻo wili, nā palakiko, nā mea hoʻokaʻawale uila, ka hana pepa, ka pepa asphalt, ka laholio, nā ʻōuli momi, nā palakiko, nā pena, a me ka laholio ma ke ʻano he mau mea hoʻopiha hana.
◆Nā ʻAno Koho: Lana, koho makani, koho lima, ʻili ʻana, koho friction, wili maikaʻi, wili maikaʻi loa, hoʻololi ʻili.
◆Ka Hana ʻana a me ka Hanana: ʻO ia ka huahana o ka hana magmatic a me ka hana pegmatitic, i loaʻa pinepine ʻia i nā granite pegmatites a me nā mica schists, i pili pinepine ʻia me ka quartz, feldspar, a me nā minelala radioactive kakaikahi.
Ke hoʻomau nei i ka unuhi ʻana:
6. Sodalite
He ʻōnaehana kristal triclinic ka Sodalite, ʻo ia hoʻi nā kristal cylindrical palahalaha me nā kaha like ma ka ʻili kristal. He luster vitreous kona, a hōʻike ka haki i kahi luster aniani a momi. Loaʻa nā kala mai ka mālamalama a i ka uliuli ʻeleʻele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, melemele, hina, ʻeleʻele, kala ʻole, a i ʻole keʻokeʻo hina ʻālohilohi. Loaʻa ka paʻakikī mai 5.5 a 7.0, me ka umekaumaha kikoʻī o 3.53 a 3.65. ʻO nā minelala nui he sodalite a me nā liʻiliʻi o ka silica, me nā minelala kōkua e like me ka quartz, mica ʻeleʻele, mica gula, a me ka chlorite.
He huahana metamorphism ʻāpana ka Sodalite i loaʻa i loko o nā schists crystalline a me nā gneisses. ʻO nā mea hana kaulana o ka honua e komo pū ana me Switzerland, Austria, a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Ke hoʻomehana ʻia i 1300°C, hoʻololi ʻia ka sodalite i mullite, kahi mea refractory kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā plugs spark, nā nozzles aila, a me nā huahana keramika refractory wela kiʻekiʻe. Hiki ke unuhi ʻia ka alumini. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā kristal moakaka o nā kala nani e like me nā pōhaku makamae, me ka uliuli hohonu ka mea i makemake nui ʻia. Hana ʻo North Carolina ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka sodalite uliuli hohonu a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
7.ʻO Garnet
◆Nā waiwai kino
ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻeleʻele, melemele, ʻulaʻula, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a pēlā aku; moakaka a translucent; vitreous luster, haki me ka resinous luster; ʻaʻohe ʻoki; paʻakikī 5.6~7.5; density 3.5~4.2.
◆Nā noi
ʻO ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe o Garnet e kūpono ia no nā mea abrasive; hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā kristal nui me ke kala nani a me ka transparency e like me nā mea maka maka pōhaku maka.
◆Nā ʻano hoʻokaʻawale
Ka hoʻokaʻawale lima ʻana, ka hoʻokaʻawale magnetic.
◆Genesis a me ka hanana
Hoʻolaha nui ʻia ʻo Garnet i nā kaʻina hana geological like ʻole, e hana ana i nā ʻano garnet like ʻole ma muli o nā kaʻina hana geological like ʻole; hana nui ʻia nā moʻo garnet calcium-aluminum i nā hydrothermal, nā pōhaku alkaline, a me kekahi mau pegmatites; hana nui ʻia nā moʻo garnet magnesium-aluminum i nā pōhaku igneous a me nā pōhaku metamorphic ʻāpana, gneisses, a me nā pōhaku pele.
8.Biotite
◆Nā waiwai kino
Loaʻa ka biotite i nā pōhaku metamorphic a me kekahi mau pōhaku ʻē aʻe e like me ka granite. Loaʻa ke kala o ka biotite mai ka ʻeleʻele a i ka brown, ʻulaʻula, a i ʻole ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Loaʻa iā ia kahi luster vitreous, nā kristal elastic, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o ke kui, maʻalahi ke haehae i nā ʻāpana, a he ʻano pālahalaha a kolamu paha.
◆Nā noi
Hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea kūkulu hale pale ahi, hana pepa, pepa asphalt, plastics, rubber, nā mea kinai ahi, nā koʻokoʻo wili, nā mea hoʻonani, nā pigments momi, a me nā ʻoihana kemika ʻē aʻe. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka biotite i nā uhi hoʻonaninani e like me ka pena pōhaku maoli.
◆Nā ʻano hoʻokaʻawale
Ka lana ʻana, koho makani, koho lima, ʻili ʻana, koho friction, wili maikaʻi, wili maikaʻi loa, hoʻololi ʻili.
9.ʻO Muscovite
◆Nā waiwai kino
ʻO Muscovite kahi ʻano mineral mica i loko o ka hui mica keʻokeʻo, kahi silicate o ka alumini, ka hao, a me ka potassium. Loaʻa iā Muscovite ka muscovite ʻeleʻele (nā ʻano like ʻole o ka brown a i ʻole ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a pēlā aku) a me ka muscovite māmā (nā ʻano like ʻole o ka melemele māmā). He moakaka ka muscovite māmā a he luster vitreous kona; he semi-moakaka ka muscovite ʻeleʻele. Vitreous a i submetallic luster, ʻili cleavage me ka moarly luster. He elastic nā pepa lahilahi, paʻakikī 2 ~ 3, gravity kikoʻī 2.70 ~ 2.85, ʻaʻole alakaʻi.
◆Nā noi
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka ʻoihana mea kūkulu hale, ʻoihana kinai ahi, nā mea kinai ahi, nā koʻokoʻo wili, nā palakiko, ka insulation uila, ka hana pepa, ka pepa asphalt, ka laholio, nā pigments momi, a me nā ʻoihana kemika ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia ka pauka mica Ultrafine ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopiha hana no nā palakiko, nā uhi, nā pena, ka laholio, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika mechanical, hoʻoikaika i ka paʻakikī, ka hoʻopili ʻana, ka anti-aging, a me ke kūpaʻa i ka corrosion.
Ma ke ʻano ʻoihana, hoʻohana nui ʻia ia no kona pale ʻana i ka wela a me ka pale ʻana i ka wela, a me kona pale ʻana i nā waikawa, alkalis, compression, a me nā waiwai peeling, hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea pale no nā lako uila a me nā mīkini uila; ʻo ka lua, hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana i nā paila mahu, nā puka makani umu hoʻoheheʻe, a me nā ʻāpana mechanical.
◆Nā ʻano hoʻokaʻawale
Ka lana ʻana, koho makani, koho lima, ʻili ʻana, koho friction, wili maikaʻi, wili maikaʻi loa, hoʻololi ʻili.
10.ʻOlivine
◆Nā waiwai kino
ʻŌmaʻomaʻo ʻoliva, melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, hina-ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā, ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻeleʻele. ʻĀlohilohi vitreous, haki maʻamau e like me ka pūpū; paʻakikī 6.5~7.0, mānoanoa 3.27~4.37.
◆Nā noi
Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea maka no nā hui magnesium a me nā phosphates, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana o nā mea hoʻouluulu calcium-magnesium phosphate; hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka olivine waiwai magnesium e like me nā mea refractory; hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka olivine ʻālohilohi a coarse-grained e like me nā mea maka pōhaku maka.
◆Nā ʻano hoʻokaʻawale
Koho hou ʻana, hoʻokaʻawale magnetic.
◆Genesis a me ka hanana
Hoʻokumu nui ʻia e ka hana magmatic, e kū nei i loko o nā pōhaku ultrabasic a me nā pōhaku kumu, e pili ana me pyroxene, amphibole, magnetite, nā minelala hui platinum, a pēlā aku.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-31-2024