Me nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika kūikawā, he waiwai mineral ʻole kaolin i loko o nā keramika, ka hana pepa, ka laholio, nā palakiko, nā mea pale ahi, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻaila a me nā ʻoihana ʻenehana ʻoihana a me nā mahiʻai a me ka pale aupuni. ʻO ke keʻokeʻo o kaolin kahi hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o kona waiwai hoʻohana.
Nā mea e pili ana i ke keʻokeʻo o ke kaolin
He ʻano lepo palolo lahilahi a pōhaku palolo paha ʻo Kaolin i haku ʻia me nā minelala kaolinite. ʻO kona ʻano kemika kristal he 2SiO2 · Al2O3 · 2H2O. ʻO kahi liʻiliʻi o nā minelala ʻaʻole lepo he quartz, feldspar, minelala hao, titanium, alumini hydroxide a me nā oxides, nā mea olaola, a pēlā aku.
ʻAno kristal o ke kaolin
Wahi a ke kūlana a me ke ʻano o nā haumia i loko o ke kaolin, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā haumia e hoʻemi ai i ke keʻokeʻo o ke kaolin i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana: kalapona organik; Nā mea pigment, e like me Fe, Ti, V, Cr, Cu, Mn, etc; Nā minelala ʻeleʻele, e like me biotite, chlorite, etc. Ma keʻano laulā, he liʻiliʻi ka nui o V, Cr, Cu, Mn a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o ke kaolin, ʻaʻohe ona hopena iki i ke keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka hoʻohuihui minelala a me ka nui o ka hao a me ka titanium nā kumu nui e hoʻopilikia ana i ke keʻokeʻo o ke kaolin. ʻAʻole wale ko lākou ola ʻana e hoʻopilikia i ke keʻokeʻo maoli o ke kaolin, akā e hoʻopilikia pū i kona keʻokeʻo calcined. Ma ke ʻano kūikawā, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka oxide hao he hopena maikaʻi ʻole ia i ke kala o ka lepo a hoʻemi i kona ʻōlinolino a me ke kūʻē ʻana i ke ahi. A inā paha he 0.4% ka nui o ka oxide, hydroxide a me ka hydrated oxide o ka oxide hao, ua lawa ia e hāʻawi i ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻulaʻula i ka melemele. Hiki i kēia mau ʻokikene hao a me nā hydroxide ke hematite (ʻulaʻula), maghemite (ʻulaʻula-ʻeleʻele), goethite (melemele ʻeleʻele), limonite (ʻalani), hydrated iron oxide (ʻulaʻula ʻeleʻele), a pēlā aku. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia he kuleana koʻikoʻi loa ka wehe ʻana i nā mea haumia hao i loko o ke kaolin i ka hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻana i ke kaolin.
Ke kūlana o ka mea hao
ʻO ke kūlana o ka hao i loko o ke kaolin ke kumu nui e hoʻoholo ai i ke ʻano o ka wehe ʻana i ka hao. Manaʻo ka nui o nā haʻawina ua hui pū ʻia ka hao crystalline ma ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i loko o ke kaolin, ʻoiai ua uhi ʻia ka hao amorphous ma luna o ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ke kaolin. I kēia manawa, ua māhele ʻia ke kūlana o ka hao i loko o ke kaolin i ʻelua ʻano ma ka home a ma waho: ʻo kekahi ma ka kaolinite a me nā minelala kōkua (e like me ka mica, titanium dioxide a me ka illite), i kapa ʻia he hao kūkulu; ʻO kekahi ma ke ʻano o nā minelala hao kūʻokoʻa, i kapa ʻia he hao manuahi (me ka hao ʻili, ka hao crystalline maikaʻi a me ka hao amorphous).
ʻO ka hao i wehe ʻia ma o ka wehe ʻana i ka hao a me ka hoʻokeʻokeʻo ʻana o ke kaolin he hao manuahi, ʻo ia hoʻi ka magnetite, hematite, limonite, siderite, pyrite, ilmenite, jarosite a me nā minelala ʻē aʻe; ʻO ka hapa nui o ka hao aia ma ke ʻano o ka limonite colloidal i hoʻopuehu nui ʻia, a me kahi liʻiliʻi ma ke ʻano o ka spherical, acicular a me ka irregular goethite a me hematite.
Ke ʻano wehe hao a me ke keʻokeʻo o ka kaolin
Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka wai
Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ʻano hana e wehe i nā minelala detrital e like me ka quartz, feldspar a me ka mica, a me nā haumia coarser e like me nā ʻōpala pōhaku, a me kekahi mau minelala hao a me ka titanium. ʻAʻole hiki ke wehe ʻia nā minelala haumia me ka density like a me ka solubility me kaolin, a ʻaʻole maopopo ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ke keʻokeʻo, kahi kūpono no ka beneficiation a me ka hoʻokeʻokeʻo ʻana o ka ore kaolin kiʻekiʻe.
Ka hoʻokaʻawale magnetic
ʻO nā mea haumia mineral hao i loko o ke kaolin he mau mea makeneka nāwaliwali. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui ʻia ke ʻano hoʻokaʻawale magnetic ikaika gradient kiʻekiʻe, a i ʻole e hoʻololi ʻia nā mineral magnetic nāwaliwali i loko o ka oxide hao makeneka ikaika ma hope o ka puhi ʻana, a laila wehe ʻia e ke ʻano hoʻokaʻawale magnetic maʻamau.
Ka mea hoʻokaʻawale makeneka gradient kiʻekiʻe o ke apo kū pololei
ʻO ka mea hoʻokaʻawale magnetic gradient kiʻekiʻe no ka slurry electromagnetic
Mea hoʻokaʻawale magnetic superconducting haʻahaʻa wela
ʻAno lana
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano flotation e mālama ai i ke kaolin mai nā waihona mua a me nā waihona lua. I ke kaʻina hana flotation, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana kaolinite a me ka mica, a ʻo nā huahana i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia he mau mea maka kūpono no ka ʻoihana. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale koho flotation o kaolinite a me ka feldspar e hana pinepine ʻia i loko o ka slurry me ka pH i kāohi ʻia.
ʻAno hoʻemi
ʻO ke ʻano hōʻemi, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hōʻemi e hōʻemi i nā haumia hao (e like me ka hematite a me ka limonite) ma ke kūlana trivalent o kaolin i nā ion hao bivalent hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, kahi i wehe ʻia ma o ka kānana a me ka holoi ʻana. ʻO ka wehe ʻana i nā haumia Fe3+ mai ka kaolin ʻoihana e hoʻokō pinepine ʻia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻenehana kino (ka hoʻokaʻawale magnetic, ka flocculation koho) a me ka mālama kemika ma lalo o nā kūlana acidic a hōʻemi paha.
ʻO ka sodium hydrosulfite (Na2S2O4), i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo sodium hydrosulfite, he mea kūpono ia i ka hōʻemi ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka hao mai kaolin, a ke hoʻohana ʻia nei i ka ʻoihana kaolin. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻokō ʻia kēia ʻano hana ma lalo o nā kūlana waikawa ikaika (pH<3), e hopena ana i nā kumukūʻai hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka hopena o ke kaiapuni. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole paʻa nā waiwai kemika o ka sodium hydrosulfite, e koi ana i nā hoʻonohonoho mālama a me ka lawe kūikawā a pipiʻi hoʻi.
ʻO Thiourea dioxide: (NH2) 2CSO2, TD) he mea hoʻemi ikaika, nona nā pono o ka hiki ke hoʻemi ikaika, aloha i ke kaiapuni, haʻahaʻa ka helu palaho, palekana a me ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa o ka hana ʻana i ka batch. Hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka Fe3+ hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ke kaolin i Fe2+ hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma o TD.
Ma hope iho, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ke keʻokeʻo o ke kaolin ma hope o ka kānana ʻana a me ka holoi ʻana. He paʻa loa ʻo TD ma ka mahana o ka lumi a me nā kūlana kūlike ʻole. Hiki ke loaʻa ka hiki ke hōʻemi ikaika o TD ma lalo o nā kūlana o ka alkalinity ikaika (pH>10) a i ʻole ka hoʻomehana ʻana (T>70 ° C), e hopena ana i ke kumukūʻai hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī.
ʻAno hana hoʻomakeʻe
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka oxidation e komo pū ana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ozone, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate a me ka sodium hypochlorite e wehe i ka papa kalapona i hoʻopili ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke keʻokeʻo. ʻO ke kaolin ma kahi hohonu ma lalo o ka overburden mānoanoa he hina hina, a ʻo ka hao i loko o ke kaolin aia i ke kūlana hōʻemi. E hoʻohana i nā mea oxidizing ikaika e like me ka ozone a i ʻole sodium hypochlorite e oxidize i ka FeS2 hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka pyrite i Fe2+ hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a laila holoi e wehe iā Fe2+ mai ka ʻōnaehana.
ʻAno hoʻoheheʻe waikawa
ʻO ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe waikawa, ʻo ia ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea haumia hao hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ke kaolin i nā mea hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā hopena waikawa (waikawa hydrochloric, waikawa sulfuric, waikawa oxalic, a pēlā aku), no laila e hoʻomaopopo ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana mai ke kaolin. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā waikawa organik ʻē aʻe, ua manaʻo ʻia ka waikawa oxalic ʻo ia ka mea hoʻohiki nui loa ma muli o kona ikaika waikawa, ka waiwai paʻakikī maikaʻi a me ka hiki ke hoʻemi kiʻekiʻe. Me ka waikawa oxalic, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka hao i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mai ka hopena hoʻoheheʻe ma ke ʻano o ka ferrous oxalate, a hiki ke hana hou ʻia e hana i ka hematite maʻemaʻe ma o ka calcination. Hiki ke loaʻa ka waikawa oxalic me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa mai nā kaʻina hana ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, a i ke kahua puhi ʻana o ka hana keramika, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kekahi oxalate koena i loko o ka mea i mālama ʻia i loko o ke kalapona dioxide. Ua aʻo nui nā mea noiʻi i nā hopena o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka oxide hao me ka waikawa oxalic.
ʻAno calcination wela kiʻekiʻe
ʻO ke kalapona ke kaʻina hana o ka hana ʻana i nā huahana kaolin papa kūikawā. Wahi a ka mahana mālama ʻana, ʻelua mau papa like ʻole o ke kaolin i kalapona ʻia e hana ʻia. ʻO ke kalapona ma ka pae mahana o 650-700 ℃ e wehe i ka hui hydroxyl kūkulu, a ʻo ka mahu wai e pakele ana e hoʻonui i ka elasticity a me ka opacity o ke kaolin, ʻo ia kahi ʻano kūpono o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka uhi pepa. Eia kekahi, ma ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ke kaolin ma 1000-1050 ℃, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻonui wale i ka abradability, akā loaʻa pū kekahi 92-95% keʻokeʻo.
Ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka chlorination
Ua wehe ʻia ka hao a me ka titanium mai nā minelala lepo, ʻoiai ʻo kaolin ma o ka chlorination, a ua loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi. I ke kaʻina hana o ka chlorination a me ka calcination, ma ke ana wela kiʻekiʻe (700 ℃ - 1000 ℃), ua hana ʻia kaolinite i ka dehydroxylation e hana i ka metakaolinite, a ma ke ana wela kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā pae spinel a me mullite. Hoʻonui kēia mau hoʻololi i ka hydrophobicity, ka paʻakikī a me ka nui o nā ʻāpana ma o ka sintering. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā minelala i mālama ʻia ma kēia ʻano ma nā ʻoihana he nui, e like me ka pepa, PVC, rubber, plastics, adhesives, polishing a me ka toothpaste. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hydrophobicity e hoʻohālikelike ai i kēia mau minelala me nā ʻōnaehana organik.
Ke ʻano hana microbiological
ʻO ka ʻenehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe microbial o nā minelala he kumuhana hana minelala hou ia, me ka ʻenehana hoʻokahe microbial a me ka ʻenehana flotation microbial. ʻO ka ʻenehana hoʻokahe microbial o nā minelala he ʻenehana unuhi e hoʻohana ana i ka pilina hohonu ma waena o nā microorganism a me nā minelala e luku i ka lattice kristal o nā minelala a hoʻoheheʻe i nā ʻāpana pono. Hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka pyrite oxidized a me nā ores sulfide ʻē aʻe i loko o ke kaolin e ka ʻenehana unuhi microbial. ʻO nā microorganism i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo Thiobacillus ferrooxidans a me nā bacteria hoʻemi Fe. He haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai o ke ʻano microbiological a haʻahaʻa ka haumia o ke kaiapuni, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopilikia i nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika o kaolin. He ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hoʻokeʻokeʻo hou ia me nā manaʻolana hoʻomohala no nā minelala kaolin.
Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo
Pono ke koho ʻana i ke ʻano hana maikaʻi loa no ka wehe ʻana i ka hao a me ka mālama ʻana i ke keʻokeʻo o ke kaolin e like me nā kumu kala like ʻole a me nā pahuhopu noi like ʻole, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana keʻokeʻo piha o nā minelala kaolin, a e hoʻolilo iā ia i waiwai hoʻohana kiʻekiʻe a me ka waiwai waiwai. ʻO ke ʻano hoʻomohala e hiki mai ana, ʻo ia ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻano o ke ʻano kemika, ke ʻano kino a me ke ʻano microbiological ma ke ʻano organik, i mea e hāʻawi piha ai i ka pāʻani i ko lākou mau pono a kāohi i ko lākou mau hemahema a me nā hemahema, i mea e loaʻa ai ka hopena keʻokeʻo maikaʻi aʻe. I ka manawa like, pono nō hoʻi e aʻo hou i ke ʻano hana hou o nā ʻano hana wehe haumia like ʻole a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kaʻina hana e hoʻomohala ai i ka wehe ʻana i ka hao a me ka keʻokeʻo o ke kaolin i ke ala o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, pono a haʻahaʻa ke kalapona.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Malaki-02-2023