Me nā waiwai kino a me nā mea kemika kūikawā, ʻo kaolin kahi kumu waiwai mineral nonmetallic i loko o nā seramika, hana pepa, ʻōpala, plastics, refractory, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻaila a me nā ʻoihana ʻenehana a me ka mahiʻai a me ka ʻenehana pale aupuni. ʻO ka keʻokeʻo o kaolin kahi hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o kāna waiwai noi.
Nā mea e pili ana i ka keʻokeʻo o kaolin
ʻO kaolin kahi ʻano pālolo maikaʻi a i ʻole pōhaku pālolo i haku ʻia me nā minela kaolinite. ʻO 2SiO2 · Al2O3 · 2H2O kona ʻano kemika aniani. ʻO kahi liʻiliʻi o nā minerala non-clay he quartz, feldspar, nā minelala hao, titanium, alumini hydroxide a me nā oxides, nā mea kūlohelohe, etc.
ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe kristal o kaolin
Wahi a ke kūlana a me ke ʻano o nā haumia i loko o ka kaolin, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā haumia e hoʻemi ai i ka keʻokeʻo o ka kaolin i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana: carbon carbon; Nā mea hoʻohuihui, e like me Fe, Ti, V, Cr, Cu, Mn, etc. ʻO nā minela ʻeleʻele, e like me ka biotite, chlorite, etc. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, he liʻiliʻi ka maʻiʻo o V, Cr, Cu, Mn a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o ka kaolin, ʻaʻohe hopena i ka keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka hui ʻana o ka mineral a me ka ʻike o ka hao a me ka titanium nā kumu nui e pili ana i ka keʻokeʻo o kaolin. ʻAʻole pili wale ko lākou ola i ka keʻokeʻo maoli o kaolin, akā pili pū kekahi i kona keʻokeʻo calcined. ʻO ka mea nui, he hopena maikaʻi ʻole ka hele ʻana o ka hao oxide i ke kala o ka pālolo a hoʻemi i kona ʻālohilohi a me ke kūpaʻa ahi. A inā he 0.4% ka nui o ka oxide, hydroxide a me hydrated oxide o ka hao, ua lawa ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka lepo lepo ʻulaʻula i ka kala melemele. Hiki i kēia mau hao hao a me ka hydroxides he hematite (ʻulaʻula), maghemite (ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula), goethite (brownish yellow), limonite (ʻalani), hydrated iron oxide (brownish red), etc. i loko o kaolin he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia i ka hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻana i ka kaolin.
Kūlana ʻano o ka mea hao
ʻO ke kūlana o ka hao ma kaolin ke kumu nui e hoʻoholo ai i ke ʻano o ka wehe ʻana i ka hao. Manaʻo ka nui o nā haʻawina e hui pū ʻia ka hao crystalline ma ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana maikaʻi i kaolin, ʻoiai ua uhi ʻia ka hao amorphous ma ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana maikaʻi o kaolin. I kēia manawa, ua māhele ʻia ke ʻano o ka hao i loko o ka kaolin i ʻelua ʻano ma ka home a ma waho: ʻo kekahi i loko o ka kaolinite a me nā minela kōkua (e like me ka mica, titanium dioxide a me ka illite), i kapa ʻia ʻo structural iron; ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe ma ke ʻano o nā minerala hao kūʻokoʻa, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka hao manuahi (me ka hao ʻili, ka hao crystalline maikaʻi a me ka hao amorphous).
ʻO ka hao i wehe ʻia e ka hao a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o kaolin he hao manuahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka magnetite, hematite, limonite, siderite, pyrite, ilmenite, jarosite a me nā minerale ʻē aʻe; Aia ka hapa nui o ka hao ma ke ʻano o ka limonite colloidal i hoʻopuehu nui ʻia, a he liʻiliʻi ma ke ʻano o ka spherical, acicular a irregular goethite a me ka hematite.
ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ka hao a me ke ʻano keʻokeʻo o kaolin
Hoʻokaʻawale wai
Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ʻano no ka wehe ʻana i nā mineral detrital e like me ka quartz, feldspar a me ka mika, a me nā mea haumia ʻoi loa e like me ka ʻōpala pōhaku, a me kekahi mau minerala hao a me ka titanium. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā minela haumia me ka like a me ka solubility i kaolin, a ʻaʻole maopopo ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke keʻokeʻo, kūpono ia no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka ʻaila kaolin kiʻekiʻe.
Mākēneki hoʻokaʻawale
ʻO nā mea haumia koʻikoʻi hao i loko o ka kaolin maʻamau he palupalu palupalu. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui ʻia ke ʻano hoʻokaʻawale magnetic kiʻekiʻe, a i ʻole ua hoʻololi ʻia nā mineral magnetic palupalu i ka hao hao hao ikaika ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, a laila wehe ʻia e ke ʻano hoʻokaʻawale magnetic maʻamau.
ʻO ke apo kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe gradient magnetic separator
Kiekie gradient magnetic separator no ka electromagnetic slurry
Haʻahaʻa wela superconducting magnetic separator
ʻano hoʻolulu
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano flotation no ka mālama ʻana i kaolin mai nā waihona kumu a me nā waihona lua. I ke kaʻina hana flotation, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka kaolinite a me ka mica particles, a ʻo nā huahana i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia he mau mea waiwai kūpono. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka flotation koho o kaolinite a me feldspar e hana maʻamau i ka slurry me ka pH hoʻomalu.
ʻano hoʻemi
ʻO ke ʻano hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa e hōʻemi i nā haumia hao (e like me ka hematite a me ka limonite) i loko o ka mokuʻāina trivalent o kaolin i nā ion hao bivalent soluble, i wehe ʻia e ka kānana a me ka holoi ʻana. ʻO ka wehe ʻana o Fe3+ impurities mai ka kaolin ʻoihana e loaʻa pinepine ʻia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻenehana kino (ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka magnetic, koho flocculation) a me ka mālama kemika ma lalo o nā kūlana acidic a hōʻemi paha.
ʻO ka sodium hydrosulfite (Na2S2O4), ka mea i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka sodium hydrosulfite, he mea maikaʻi ia i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka hao mai ka kaolin, a ke hoʻohana ʻia nei i ka ʻoihana kaolin. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻokō ʻia kēia ʻano hana ma lalo o nā kūlana acidic ikaika (pH<3), e hopena i nā kumukūʻai hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka hopena o ke kaiapuni. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole paʻa nā waiwai kemika o ka sodium hydrosulfite, e koi ana i ka mālama kūikawā a me ke kumukūʻai a me nā hoʻonohonoho halihali.
ʻO Thiourea dioxide: (NH2) 2CSO2, TD) he mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa ikaika, nona nā mea maikaʻi o ka hiki ke hoʻemi ikaika, ka pilina o ke kaiapuni, ka haʻahaʻa decomposition haʻahaʻa, palekana a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa o ka hana batch. Hiki ke ho'emi 'ia ka Fe3+ insoluble i ka Fe2+ ma o TD.
A laila, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ke keʻokeʻo o kaolin ma hope o ka kānana a me ka holoi ʻana. Paʻa loa ʻo TD ma ka lumi wela a me nā kūlana kū ʻole. Hiki ke loaʻa ka mana hoʻemi ikaika o TD ma lalo o nā kūlana o ka alkalinity ikaika (pH>10) a i ʻole ka hoʻomehana (T>70 ° C), ka hopena i ke kumukūʻai hana kiʻekiʻe a paʻakikī.
ʻO ke ʻano hoʻokahe
Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ozone, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate a me ka sodium hypochlorite e wehe i ka papa kalapona adsorbed e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka keʻokeʻo. ʻO ke kaolin ma kahi hohonu ma lalo o ka mea ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa he hina, a ʻo ka hao i loko o ke kaolin aia i ke kūlana emi. E hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ikaika e like me ka ozone a i ʻole ka sodium hypochlorite e hoʻoheheʻe i ka FeS2 insoluble i loko o ka pyrite a hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia Fe2+, a laila holoi e wehe i ka Fe2+ mai ka ʻōnaehana.
ʻO ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka ʻakika
ʻO ke ʻano leaching acid ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā haumia hao insoluble i kaolin i nā mea hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā waiʻawaʻawa (hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, etc.), pēlā e ʻike ai i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana mai kaolin. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻakika organik ʻē aʻe, manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka oxalic acid ka mea hoʻohiki maikaʻi loa ma muli o kona ikaika waikawa, waiwai paʻakikī maikaʻi a me ka hiki ke hoʻemi kiʻekiʻe. Me ka oxalic acid, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka hao i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mai ka wai leaching ma ke ʻano o ka ferrous oxalate, a hiki ke hana hou ʻia e hana i ka hematite maʻemaʻe ma o ka calcination. Hiki ke loaʻa maʻalahi ka waikawa Oxalic mai nā kaʻina hana ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, a ma ke ʻano o ke kī ʻana o ka hana seramika, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā koena oxalate i loko o nā mea i mālama ʻia i carbon dioxide. Ua aʻo nā mea noiʻi he nui i nā hopena o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hao me ka waikawa oxalic.
Kiʻekiʻe wela calcination ala
ʻO ka calcination ke kaʻina hana o ka hana ʻana i nā huahana kaolin papa kūikawā. E like me ka wela o ka lapaʻau ʻana, hana ʻia ʻelua mau māka like ʻole o ka kaolin calcined. Hoʻopau ka calcination i ka pae wela o 650-700 ℃ i ka hui hydroxyl structural, a ʻo ka mahuka wai e hoʻonui ai i ka elasticity a me ka opacity o kaolin, kahi ʻano kūpono o ka noi pepa. Eia kekahi, ma ka hoʻomehana ʻana i kaolin ma 1000-1050 ℃, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻonui wale i ka abradability, akā loaʻa pū kekahi 92-95% keʻokeʻo.
Klorination calcination
Ua wehe ʻia ka hao a me ka titanium mai nā minela pālolo, ʻoi aku ka nui o kaolin e ka chlorination, a ua loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi. I ke kaʻina hana o ka chlorination a me ka calcination, ma ke kiʻekiʻe wela (700 ℃ - 1000 ℃), kaolinite ua hana i ka dehydroxylation e hana i ka metakaolinite, a ma ka wela kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻāpana spinel a me mullite. Hoʻonui kēia mau hoʻololi i ka hydrophobicity, paʻakikī a me ka nui o nā ʻāpana ma o ka sintering. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā minerala i mālama ʻia ma kēia ʻano i nā ʻoihana he nui, e like me ka pepa, PVC, rubber, plastics, adhesives, polishing and toothpaste. ʻO ka hydrophobicity kiʻekiʻe e ʻoi aku ka kūpono o kēia mau mineral me nā ʻōnaehana organik.
ʻano microbiological
ʻO ka ʻenehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe microbial o nā minelala he kumuhana hoʻomaʻemaʻe mineral hou, me ka ʻenehana leaching microbial a me ka ʻenehana flotation microbial. ʻO ka ʻenehana leaching microbial o nā minela he ʻenehana unuhi e hoʻohana ana i ka pilina hohonu ma waena o nā microorganisms a me nā minela e hoʻopau i ka lattice kristal o nā minerala a hoʻopau i nā mea pono. Hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka pyrite oxidized a me nā ores sulfide ʻē aʻe i loko o ka kaolin e ka ʻenehana hoʻoiho microbial. ʻO nā microorganisms maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia me Thiobacillus ferrooxidans a me Fe-reducing bacteria. ʻO ke ʻano microbiological he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka haumia o ke kaiapuni, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopilikia i nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika o kaolin. He hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou ia me nā manaʻo hoʻomohala no nā mineral kaolin.
Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo
ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ka hao a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka kaolin pono e koho i ke ala maikaʻi loa e like me nā kumu kala like ʻole a me nā pahuhopu noi like ʻole, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana keʻokeʻo piha o nā mineral kaolin, a e hoʻohana i ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe a me ka waiwai waiwai. ʻO ke ʻano o ka wā e hiki mai ana e hoʻohui i nā ʻano o ke ʻano kemika, ke ʻano kino a me ke ʻano microbiological, i mea e hāʻawi ai i ka pāʻani piha i kā lākou mau pono a kāohi i kā lākou mau hemahema a me nā hemahema, i mea e hoʻokō ai i ka hopena whitening maikaʻi. I ka manawa like, pono e aʻo hou i ke ʻano hou o nā ʻano hana hoʻoneʻe haumia a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kaʻina hana e hoʻomohala i ka hao a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o kaolin i ke ala o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, kūpono a me ke kalapona haʻahaʻa.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-02-2023